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I
I/O
I/O stands for Input/Output.
An I/O channel is the path from the main processor or CPU of a computer to
its peripheral devices. Typically when speaking of an I/O channel the
context is mainframe computers. A computer is said to be I/O bound when it
is spending most of its time with I/O activity such as reading and writing
to a hard drive and is not capable of processing data.
IAB
IAB stands for
Internet Activities Board, the technical body that oversees the development
of the Internet suite of protocols (commonly referred to as TCP/IP). It has
two task forces (the IRTF and the IETF) each charged with investigating a
particular area.
ISP
Internet Service
Providers (ISPs) are companies that provide Internet services to individuals
and businesses. ISPs typically provide a range of services necessary to
provide corporate networks and other users with full access to the
Internet. ISPs are also referred to as IAPs (Internet Access Providers).
ICMP
ICMP stands for
Internet Control Message Protocol. It is the portion of the Internet
Protocol that handles network error control and diagnostic functions.
IEEE
IEEE stands for
The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. The IEEE publishes standards,
such as the 802 series.
IETF
The Internet has
grown to encompass a large number of widely geographically dispersed
networks in academic and research communities. It now provides an
infrastructure for a broad community with various interests. Moreover, the
family of Internet protocols and system components has moved from
experimental to commercial development. To help coordinate the operation,
management and evolution of the Internet, the IAB established the Internet
Engineering Task Force (IETF).
IGMP
The Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) is used by IP hosts to report their host group
memberships to any immediately neighboring multicast routers. IGMP is a
integral part of IP. It must be implemented by all hosts conforming to
level 2 of the IP multicasting specification. IGMP messages are
encapsulated in IP datagrams, with an IP protocol number of 2.Version 3 of
IGMP adds support for source filtering. This indicates the ability for a
system to report interest in receiving packets;only from specific source
addresses, or from all but specific source addresses, sent to a particular
multicast address.
IGP
IGP stands for
Interior Gateway Protocols. IGP route within an Internet domain. EGP
(Exterior Gateway Protocols) route information between domains. A domain,
in Internet terminology, is a group of hosts and routers that use the same
protocol and are administered by one authority.
Interexchange Carrier
An
interexchange carrier (IEC) is a common carrier that provides transport of
data and voice services across local area and transport area (LATA)
boundaries. Examples of IECs are AT&T and MCI. They are also referred
to as long distance carriers.
Internal Bus
There
are many types of buses. There are internal buses, external buses, and LANs
that operate on bus topologies. Internal buses are buses within a PC, which
connect the central processor with the video controller, disk controller
hard drives and memory.
Interprocess Communications
Interprocess
communications refers to the ability of a multitasking operating system to
take advantage of processes available on other programs and/or computers.
IPC uses local procedure calls (LPC) to access information from a task
running on the same computer. It uses remote procedure calls (RPC) to access
information from a task running on another computer, usually across a
network. Some of the features of IPC are:
- Semaphores: synchronizes access of
information
- Queues: provide orderly retrieval of data
- Pipes: provide the mechanism for sending and
receiving messages
- Shared Memory: areas of memory where
multiple processes can read and write data
Interrupt
An interrupt is a
request by a computer component to gain access to the CPU of that computer.
For instance, when the communications port needs access to the CPU, it
raises an interrupt request (IRQ). Each component within a computer has its
own interrupt line that allows the CPU to distinguish between computer
components. Interrupt conflicts exist when two components use the same
interrupt line.
IP
IP stands for Internet Protocol. It is the IP in TCP/IP. IP is a
Network Layer protocol and is responsible for getting a datagram through a
network.
IPV6
IP version 6 (IPv6) is a new version of the Internet Protocol based on
IPv4. IPv4 and IPv6 are demultiplexed at the media layer. For example, IPv6
packets are carried over Ethernet with the content type 86DD (hexadecimal)
instead of IPv4’s 0800.
IPv6
increases the IP address size from 32 bits to 128 bits, to support more
levels of addressing hierarchy, a much greater number of addressable nodes
and simpler auto-configuration of addresses. Scalability of multicast
addresses is introduced. A new type of address called an anycast address is
also defined, to send a packet to any one of a group of nodes.
IPC
IPC stands for
interprocess communication. It refers to the ability of a multitasking
operating system to take advantage of processes available on other programs
and/or computers. IPC uses local procedure calls (LPC) to access
information from a task running on the same computer. It uses remote
procedure calls (RPC) to access information from a task running on another
computer, usually across a network.
IPX
IPX stands for
Internet Packet Exchange. It is Novell's Network Layer protocol that is a
derivative of the XNS IDP protocol developed by Xerox. It is used in Novell
NetWare networks.
ISCSI
The iSCSI (Small Computer Systems Interface) protocol is
a mapping of the SCSI remote procedure invocation model over the TCP
protocol. SCSI commands are carried by iSCSI requests and SCSI responses
and status are carried by iSCSI responses. iSCSI also uses the request
response mechanism for iSCSI protocol mechanisms.
IXC
An interexchange
carrier (IXC) is a common carrier that provide transport of data and voice
services across local area and transport area (LATA) boundaries. Examples
of IECs are AT&T and MCI. They are also referred to as long distance
carriers.
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